What is learning?
Sometimes, we learn by living. Learning actually may NOT be the accumulation of new knowledge. It may be the acceptance of a reality one already knows. Most of the time, when I “learn” outside of the classroom, it is through a series of epiphanies. Things just seem to come to me. Thus – odds are – I already have the information, but could not process it the right way. Some mechanism in my brain does what I cannot do consciously. I dare say, this is still learning.
How can learning be best effectuated by a teacher/trainer (be specific/give examples)?
In this case, I think all a teacher could do is be supportive. Again, as has been said elsewhere, a teacher can look for the signs of someone who may be struggling, and do what can be done to help the student. I had a professor during my undergrad who was that observant. She saw the ways students acted in class versus how they did on assignments and assessments. When she would notice inconsistencies in behaviour and/or attitudes, she would actually approach the student to see what she could do to help. These are the good teachers. Unfortunately, teacher ed programs cannot teach how to be a good person . . .
